T51=T1/LAT1
Functional:
Use elbow flexors to start (back of wrist behind the pushing rim).
Hands stay in contact or close to the pushing rim, with the power coming from elbow flexion and to a lesser extent, the shoulders and the dorsi-flexed wrist.
The old technique was to use the palms of the hand and to push down on the top of the wheel in a forward direction.
Athletes with cerebral palsy may have some mobility in the trunk, but are unable to use rapid trunk movements or symmetric long strokes.

Spinal Cord Injured Athletes - Anatomical Capability
Have functional elbow flexors and wrist dorsi-flexors.

• May have elbow extensors at a total point of 6 (both arms together).
  No functional wrist palmar flexors.
• May have shoulder weakness
• Also athletes with some elbow extensors but weak elbow flexors can fit in here

Old Class:

• 1 A complete. (with exceptions)

T52=T2 LAT1/[A6,A8]/(A9)
Functional:
Power from pushing comes from elbow extenstion, wrist dorsi-flexion and upper chest muscles (Mattsson technique).
Additional power may be gained by using the elbow flexors when the hands are in contact with the back of the wheels.
The head may be forced upwards (by use of neck muscles) producing slight upper trunk movements.

Spinal Cord Injured Athletes - Anatomical Capability

• Have functional elbow flexors and extensors, wrist dorsi-flexors and palmar extensors
• Might have palmar flexors
• Have functional pectoral muscles
• May have functional finger flexors and extensors

[A6, A8]- The brackets mean that athletes who have upper limb amputations the equivalent of an A6 or an A8, together with other pathology affecting spinal and lower limb function will fit into T52 class.

Old Class:

• 1B complete.
• 1A incomplete.
• 1C complete.

T3/LAT2
Functional:

• Have normal or nearly normal upper limb function
• Have no active trunk movements.
• When pushing, the trunk is usually lying on the legs.
• The trunk may rise with the pushing action.
• Usually use a hand flick technique for power (or Friction technique)
• May use the shoulder to steer around curves.
• Interrupt pushing movements to steer, and have difficulty resuming pushing motion.
• When braking quickly the trunk stays close to the pushing position.

Spinal Cord Injured Athletes - Anatomical Capability

• Normal or nearly normal upper limb function
• Absence of abdominal muscle function
• May have weak upper spinal extension

Old Class:

• Incomplete 1C
• Complete Class 2
• And upper Class 3

Functional:

• Have backwards movement of the trunk.
• Usually have rotation movements of the trunk.
• May use trunk movements to steer around curves.
• When stopping quickly the trunk moves towards an upright position.

Anatomical Capability of Spinal Cord Injured Athletes and Amputees

• Have back extension which usually includes both upper and lower extensors.
• Usually have trunk rotation, i.e. abdominal muscles.

Old Class:

• Lower 3/4/5/6.

Minimal Disability:
Not more than 70 points in the lower limbs.